Notes from building real software.

How do LLMs work? A plain-English guide to how ChatGPT and Claude generate text: tokens, next token prediction, and temperature, explained with interactive demos.

A visual guide to V8 internals. Parsing, JIT compilation, hidden classes, garbage collection, all explained simply with working examples.

If you are reusing the same system prompt over and over, you are burning money. Here is what caching actually does under the hood and how to set it up.

Model Context Protocol explained without the hype. The N times M problem, the three primitives, and the message flow under the hood.

An agent is just an LLM in a loop that can use tools and make decisions. Here is what's really going on under the hood, and why most production agents are held together with duct tape.